Closed-loop communication saves ships. Every order is repeated back word for word, then confirmed on execution.
Helm orders
| Order | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Port ten | Rudder 10 degrees to port |
| Starboard twenty | Rudder 20 degrees to starboard |
| Midships | Rudder amidships |
| Steady | Steady on the present heading |
| Steer zero-eight-five | Steer course 085 |
Engine orders
Full ahead, half ahead, slow ahead, dead slow ahead — and astern equivalents; stop engines; finished with engines.
The loop
- Officer gives the order.
- Helmsman repeats it exactly.
- Helmsman executes and reports: "Port ten on, Sir."
- Officer acknowledges: "Very good."
An order not repeated is an order not heard. Never accept a nod.